This study examined the contribution of spinal δ1 and δ2 opioid receptors to the
antinociception produced by microinjection of l-glutamate in either the nucleus raphe …

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is divided into rostral (perigenual) and caudal
(midcingulate) regions based on anatomy and function. Recent evidence suggests that …

It is well documented that the descending endogenous analgesia system, including the
periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the rostral ventral medulla (RVM), play an important role in …

Previous studies have indicated that thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) is involved in
nociceptive modulation and plays an important role in an endogenous analgesic system (a …

The effects of intrathecally (it) administered opioid antagonist naloxone (Nal), adenosine
antagonist aminophylline (Aph), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA)-receptor antagonist …

The rostral ventromedial medulla is a critical relay for midbrain regions, including the
periaqueductal gray and nucleus cuneiformis, that control nociception at the spinal cord …

The post-ictal immobility syndrome is followed by a significant increase in the nociceptive
thresholds in animals and men. In this interesting post-ictal behavioral response …

Inhibition of tonic activity in spino‐supraspinal projection neurons induces heterosegmental
antinociception that is mediated by opioid receptors in nucleus accumbens. To investigate …

Our previous studies have indicated that the thalamic nucleus submedius (Sm) is involved in
modulation of nociception and plays an important role in an endogenous analgesic system …

Previous studies have demonstrated that chemical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus
(LH) with carbachol has an important role in the induction of antinociception in tail-flick test …