Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG
motifs stimulate a strong innate immune response. This stimulation can be abrogated by …

Bacterial DNA and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated “CpG
motifs” stimulate an innate immune response characterized by the production of cytokines …

Immune stimulation has been widely recognized as an undesirable side effect of certain
antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) which can interfere with their therapeutic …

Bacterial DNA, in contrast to vertebrate DNA, has the capacity to act as a potent immune
stimulator (Tokunaga et al. 1984; Messina et al. 1991; Yamamoto et al. 1992b). This is now …

Bacterial DNA contains immunostimulatory CpG motifs that interact with toll-like receptor 9
on immune cells to stimulate the production of cytokines, chemokines and immunoglobulins …

Unmethylated CpG dinucleotides present within certain specific sequence contexts in
bacterial and synthetic DNA stimulate innate immune responses and induce cytokine …

The genomes of bacterial and viral DNA contain a much higher frequency of unmethylated
CpG dinucleotides than those of vertebrates. This difference in genome structure allows the …

Several types of immune cells possess pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that can
distinguish prokaryotic DNA from vertebrate DNA by detecting unmethylated CpG …

Vertebrate immune systems have evolved the ability to detect and be activated by most
microbial and viral DNAs by virtue of their content of unmethylated 'CpG motifs', which are …

Since the initial observation that bacterial DNA is recognized by and activates cells of the
immune system (reviewed in 1), substantial progress has been made with respect to the …