Biological sex and sex hormones are known to affect functional cerebral asymmetries
(FCAs). Men are generally more lateralized than women. The effect size of this sex …

The brains of males and females differ, not only in regions specialized for reproduction, but
also in other regions (controlling cognition, for example) where sex differences are not …

Abstract Sexual neurosteroids (SN), namely 17β-estradiol (E2) and 5α-dehydrotestosterone
(DHT), are synthesized in the hippocampus, where they induce circuit modifications by …

The present study investigates the relationship of circulating sex hormone levels and gender
role to gray matter volumes in sexually dimorphic brain areas and explores, whether these …

There are numerous examples of sex differences in brain and behavior and in susceptibility
to a broad range of brain diseases. For example, gene expression is sexually dimorphic …

Hippocampal function and plasticity differ with gender, but the regulatory mechanisms
underlying sex differences remain elusive and may be established early in life. The present …

Background The necessity of including both males and females in molecular neuroscience
research is now well understood. However, there is relatively limited basic biological data on …

Sex hormones fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. Evidence from animal studies suggests
similar subtle fluctuations in hippocampal structure, predominantly linked to estrogen …

Males and females of many species differ with regard to neurodevelopment, ongoing brain
function and behavior. For many years, it was assumed that these differences primarily …

) reported that treating pregnant guinea pigs with testosterone had enduring effects on the
sex-related behavior of their female offspring. Since then, similar enduring effects of early …