Energy metabolism is a fundamental property of life providing the energy for all processes
and functions within an organism. As it is temperature-dependent, it mediates the effects of …

Phenotypic plasticity is an important mechanism that allows populations to adjust to
changing environments. Early life experiences can have lasting impacts on how individuals …

Countergradient variation, or the conservation of the rate of a temperature-dependent
physiological process in the face of environmental temperature change (Levins 1969; Hazel …

Assessing whether trait variations among individuals are consistent over time and among
environmental conditions is crucial to understand evolutionary responses to new selective …

Adaptive explanations for both high and low body mass-independent basal metabolic rate
(BMR) in endotherms are pervasive in evolutionary physiology, but arguments implying a …

Thermodynamics is a major factor determining rates of energy expenditure, rates of
biochemical dynamics, and ultimately the biological and ecological processes linked with …

Understanding how environmental factors affect the thermal tolerance of species is crucial
for predicting the impact of thermal stress on species abundance and distribution. To date …

The sensitivity of metabolic rate to temperature constrains the climate in which ectotherms
can function, yet the temperature dependence of metabolic rate may evolve in response to …

For over a century, the hypothesis of temperature compensation, the maintenance of similar
biological rates in species from different thermal environments, has remained controversial …

To date, behavioural responses and their role in thermal adaptation have largely been
overlooked in small ectotherms. Here, we measure reproductive output using four adult …