Many temperate insects take advantage of longer growing seasons at lower latitudes by
increasing their generation number or voltinism. In some insects, development time abruptly …

The importance of sympatric speciation–the evolution of reproductive isolation between
codistributed conspecific individuals–in generating biodiversity is highly controversial …

Seasonal change in daylength (photoperiod) is widely used by insects to regulate temporal
patterns of development and behaviour, including the timing of diapause (dormancy) and …

Synchronizing the annual timing of physiological, morphological, and behavioral transitions
with seasons enables survival in temperate environments [1]. The capacity to adjust life …

A wide variety of higher plants, vertebrates, and arthropods use the length of day to
synchronize growth, development, reproduction, dormancy, and migration with the changing …

Circadian rhythms are oscillations in behavior, metabolism and physiology that have a
period close to 24 h. These rhythms are controlled by an internal pacemaker that evolved …

Background Very little is known on how changes in circadian rhythms evolve. The noctuid
moth Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) consists of two strains that exhibit …

The daily rhythm of 24 h and the annual rhythm of 12 mo constitute the 2 major, highly
predictable rhythms of the biosphere. The internal circadian clock enables organisms to …

Most insects harbor two paralogous circadian genes, namely timeout and timeless.
However, in the Hymenoptera only timeout is present. It remains unclear whether both …

Functional involvement of a circadian clock in photoperiodism for measuring the length of
day or night had been proposed more than 70 years ago, and various physiological …