The cerebral vascular system services the constant demand for energy during neuronal
activity in the brain. Attempts to delineate the logic of neurovascular coupling have been …

Two-photon microscopy has enabled anatomical and functional fluorescence imaging in the
intact brain of rats. Here, we extend two-photon imaging from anesthetized, head-stabilized …

Although fluorescence microscopy has proven to be one of the most powerful tools in
biology, its application to the intact animal has been limited to imaging several hundred …

Subtle alterations in cerebral blood flow can impact the health and function of brain cells and
are linked to cognitive decline and dementia. To understand hemodynamics in the three …

In vivo optical imaging of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism did not exist 50 years
ago. While point optical fluorescence and absorption measurements of cellular metabolism …

Deep tissue in vivo two-photon fluorescence imaging of cortical vasculature in a mouse
brain using 1280-nm excitation is presented. A record imaging depth of 1.6 mm in mouse …

Light scattering by tissue limits the imaging depth of two-photon microscopy and its use for
functional brain imaging in vivo. We investigate the influence of scattering on both …

Optical imaging techniques reflect different biochemical processes in the brain, which is
closely related with neural activity. Scientists and clinicians employ a variety of optical …

Two-photon microscopy is a mainstay technique for imaging in scattering media and
normally provides frame-acquisition rates of~ 10–30 Hz. To track high-speed phenomena …

Understanding the structure and function of vasculature in the brain requires us to monitor
distributed hemodynamics at high spatial and temporal resolution in three-dimensional (3D) …