Overexpression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) by bone marrow mesenchymal
stem cells occurs widely in patients with multiple myeloma, but the pathophysiologic effects …

Disease relapse remains a major factor limiting the survival of cancer patients. In the plasma
cell malignancy multiple myeloma (MM), nearly all patients ultimately succumb to disease …

We found that the concentration of GDF15 was significantly higher in serum obtained from
myeloma patients (median 1.08 ng/mL; range, 0.17-28.08) than from healthy controls …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF 15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that belongs to the
transforming growth factor‐β superfamily. Elevated serum concentrations of this cytokine …

Cancer cells typically demonstrate altered morphology during the various stages of disease
progression as well as metastasis. While much is known about how altered cell morphology …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a member of the transforming growth
factor β superfamily, has been postulated to be implicated in cancer cell metastasis although …

Growth Differentiation Factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the super family of the Transforming
Growth Factor β, has gained more attention in the last few years due to numerous reports …

Background Growth differentiation factor (GDF) acted as a factor that regulated proliferation,
apoptosis and differentiation in several tumors. However, the effects of growth differentiation …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a divergent member of the transforming
growth factor β family discovered in a broad range of cells, as indicated by the diversity of its …

Abstract Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, plays
multiple roles in a wide variety of cellular processes. It is expressed at low levels under …