The aim of this study was to investigate central pain representations during loading of the
periodontium induced by orthodontic and occlusal stress. Nineteen healthy male volunteers …

Background Pain is a warning signal for the body defense mechanisms and is a critical
sensation for supporting life. However, there are still many unclear points about the …

With increased understanding of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) in recent years, neural
regulation of OTM has become an emerging and expanding area of research. Numerous …

Background The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the mechanisms underlying
tongue-referred pain associated with tooth pulp inflammation. Method Using mechanical …

Objectives Orthodontic mechanical force on the periodontal ligament induces extracellular
adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. However, mechanosensitive molecules have not …

Cytokines are released by immune and non-immune cells to orchestrate a great variety of
physiological and disease processes. In special, cytokines can both directly and indirectly …

Background Accidental mandibular nerve injury may occur during tooth extraction or implant
procedures, causing ectopic orofacial pain. The exact mechanisms underlying ectopic …

Introduction: Tooth movement through bone depends on local inflammatory reactions of the
dentoalveolar tissues. Mechanical signals cause sensory afferent nerves to liberate …

Objective Pain control is imperative in orthodontic treatment. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
is a key mediator released from periodontal ligament cells that excites nociceptive nerve …

This study aimed to analyze the mRNA expression and protein localization of prostaglandin I
2 (PGI 2) synthase (PGIS), the PGI 2 receptor (IP receptor) and transient receptor potential …