Edited by Tyler J. Carrier, Adam M. Reitzel, and Andreas Heyland: Oxford University Press
(2018).© Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198786962.003. 0004 that act on …

Mode of development in marine invertebrates has been largely viewed as a dichotomy
between small eggs that develop into free-living planktotrophic larvae and large eggs that …

This chapter examines the origin and diversification of metazoan larvae and developmental
modes. It discusses the major features of larval evolution, and considers their developmental …

The extraordinary diversity of larval form and function in marine invertebrates has motivated
many studies of development, ecology, and evolution. Among organisms with pelagic …

The larval patterns of marine invertebrates pose intriguing questions for both evolutionary
and developmental biologists. However, combined investigations have been rare …

nearly all aspects of the life histories of individual marine-invertebrate species are
characterized by ranges of; sizes, seasonal variation, and functional flexibility and …

Embryology and larval biology have been linked from the early years. Pioneering
embryologists were among the first to establish and populate marine biology field stations …

1. With the possible exception of inarticulate brachiopods, members of the oligomera
(brachiopods, ectoprocts, phoronids, hemichordates, echinoderms) do not reacquire a …

This chapter reviews selected aspects of the evolutionary ecology of marine invertebrate
larval types and how they relate to available life-history theory for marine invertebrate …

Adults of many marine invertebrates make tiny eggs, each provisioned with scant energy.
These typically develop into larvae that must acquire energy and materials from the …