Nature is a school for human beings. Learning from nature has long been a source of
bioinspiration for scientists and engineers. Multiscale structures are characteristic for …

Over the past decade, biology has had a profound influence on materials science and
engineering, and much of this influence is yet to come. The tools of nanotechnology have …

Bio-inspired material systems are derived from different living organisms such as plants,
arthropods, mammals and marine organisms. These biomaterial systems from nature are …

Recent far-reaching advances in synthetic biology have yielded exciting tools for the
creation of new materials. Conversely, advances in the fundamental understanding of soft …

Living organisms have ingeniously evolved functional gradients and heterogeneities to
create high-performance biological materials from a fairly limited choice of elements and …

Nature has achieved materials with properties and mechanisms that go far beyond the
current know-how of the engineering-materials industry. The remarkable efficiency of …

Nature provides an endless source of inspiration for advanced materials, fuelled by
evolutionary innovations over many millions of years. Capitalizing on this wealth of …

Nature provides a rich source of information for the design of novel materials; yet there
remain significant challenges in the design and manufacture of materials that replicate the …

Throughout billions of years, biological systems have evolved sophisticated, multiscale
hierarchical structures to adapt to changing environments. Biomaterials are synthesized …

Biological composites have evolved elaborate hierarchical structures to achieve outstanding
mechanical properties using weak but readily available building blocks. Combining the …