An animal model of voluntary oral morphine consumption would allow for a pre-clinical
evaluation of new treatments aimed at reducing opioid intake in humans. However, the main …

Chronic opioid intake leads to several brain changes involved in the development of
dependence, whereby an early hedonistic effect (liking) extends to the need to self …

Chronic exposure to opioids induces adaptations in brain function that lead to the formation
of the behavioral and physiological symptoms of drug dependence and addiction. Animal …

Objective Some animal models apply morphine in the drinking water to generate addiction,
but related reports are not free of conflicting results. Accordingly, this study aimed to figure …

Opioid use disorder is a growing concern in the United States. Mice were used to investigate
the mechanisms involving opioid physical dependence and for evaluating medications for …

Opioid use disorder is a serious public health issue in the United States. Animal models of
opioid dependence are fundamental for studying the etiology of addictive behaviors. We …

Vulnerability to addiction may be given by the individual's risk of developing an addiction
during their lifetime. A challenge in the neurobiology of drug addiction is understanding why …

Long-term or excessive application of morphine leads to tolerance and addiction, which
hindered its conventional applications as a drug. Although tremendous progress has been …

In the present study, we demonstrated whether a neuropathic pain-like state induced by
sciatic nerve ligation in rodents could cause a long-lasting change in intracellular signaling …

Opioids are widely used for treating different types of pains, but overuse and abuse of
prescription opioids have led to opioid epidemic in the United States. Besides analgesic …