Metazoans have sequential developmental steps that are characterized by particular
morphological, physiological, ecological and behavioral features (Roff, 1992; Stearns, 1992; …

It is postulated that some groups of animals have hybrid life-histories, with the larva
originating in a different evolutionary line from that which produced the adult. Later the two …

Species with large eggs and nonfeeding larvae have evolved many times from ancestors
with smaller eggs and feeding larvae in numerous groups of aquatic invertebrates and …

The larval patterns of marine invertebrates pose intriguing questions for both evolutionary
and developmental biologists. However, combined investigations have been rare …

The shell of marine gastropods conserves and reflects early ontogeny, including embryonic
and larval stages, to a high degree when compared with other marine invertebrates …

In many animals the head develops early, most of the body axis later. A larva composed
mostly of the developing front end therefore can attain mobility and feeding earlier in …

Asking the right questions about evolution of development, larval morphology, and life
history requires knowledge of ancestral state. Two hypotheses dominate current opinion …

Adults of many marine invertebrates make tiny eggs, each provisioned with scant energy.
These typically develop into larvae that must acquire energy and materials from the …

Crepipatella fecunda is a benthic, primarily suspension-feeding gastropod that occurs in
great abundance along the Chilean coast. It is a protandrous species whose reproduction …

We report on a study of reproduction and development in the Mediterranean vermetid
gastropod Vermetus triquetrus from the SE coast of Spain. It is a gonochoristic species. The …