Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by manifestations and symptoms involving
systemic organs and apparatus, associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and …

Accumulating evidence indicates that the pathological changes of the endothelium may
contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease …

Ageing is a potent, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Calcification of the
vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) layer of the vessel media is a hallmark of vascular …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of CKD and end-stage kidney disease
(ESKD) worldwide. Approximately 30-40% of people with diabetes develop this …

Significance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be regarded as a burden of lifestyle
disease that shares common underpinning features and risk factors with the aging process; …

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have
significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is in part due to the development of …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a higher risk of developing early
cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although vascular calcification (VC) is one of the strongest …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) will progress to end stage without treatment, but the decline
of renal function may not be linear. Compared with glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria …

The mechanisms underlying the heightened risk for CVD in CKD have been the focus of
intense study and may relate to the combined effects of traditional and CKD-specific risks …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a worldwide epidemic, driven largely by the
dramatic rise in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Novel targets and treatments for …