VC (vascular calcification) is highly prevalent in patients with CKD (chronic kidney disease),
but its mechanism is multifactorial and incompletely understood. In addition to increased …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease, including end-
stage kidney disease, and increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Although the …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD)
are complex disorders of partly unknown genesis and mostly known progression factors …

BACKGROUND Vascular calcification, a regulated process in chronic kidney disease (CKD),
requires vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation into osteoblast-like cells. This …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized
by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) …

Vascular calcification contributes to the high risk of cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney
disease (CKD) patients. Dysregulation of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) metabolism is …

The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple
biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with fatal cardiovascular consequences in part
due to ectopic calcification of soft tissues particularly arteries, capillaries, and cardiac valves …

Cardiovascular disease begins early in the course of renal decline and is a life-limiting
problem in patients with CKD. The increased burden of cardiovascular disease is due, at …

Cardiovascular complications are extremely frequent in patients with chronic kidney disease
(CKD) and death from cardiac causes is the most common cause of death in this particular …