Summary MAPK-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAP kinase-2) is activated in vitro by the
p42 and p44 isoforms of MAPK (p42/p44-). In several cell lines, however, MAPKAP kinase-2 …

Cells respond to changes in the physical and chemical properties of the environment. These
changes include alterations in the amount of nutrients, growth factors, cytokines, and …

In cultured mammalian cells, the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is
activated in response to a variety of environmental stresses. How ever, there is little …

Evolutionarily conserved from yeast to man, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
pathways respond to a variety of disparate signals which induce differentiation, proliferation …

Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine‐threonine protein kinases that play
the major role in signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. MAPKs, which …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in transducting
environmental stimuli to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus by virtue of their ability …

The response of cells to extracellular stimuli is mediated in part by a number of intracellular
kinase and phosphatase enzymes. Within this area of research the activation of the p42 and …

Signal-transduction pathways that employ members of the extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family of protein Ser/Thr kinases are …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is comprised of key regulatory proteins
that control the cellular response to both proliferation and stress signals. In this study we …

The mitogen-activated protein(MAP) kinase cascades play essential roles in a variety of cell
processes by influencing transcriptional or translational regulation. ERKs play a central role …