It is well-established that COPD patients have a burden of vascular disease that cannot be
fully-explained by smoking history but the mechanistic links between atherosclerosis and …

Pulmonary vascular disease is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD), and an important risk factor for COPD exacerbations and death. We …

The relationship between carotid disease and modestly abnormal airflow in ex-smokers
without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well-understood. We …

Study objectives We determined whether emphysema demonstrated on high-resolution CT
(HRCT) scanning in apparently well smokers is associated with airflow obstruction …

Rationale: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased
morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease. Although a close association between …

Background: Although an association between lung function and subclinical atherosclerosis
has been reported, it remains unclear whether this association is only driven by tobacco …

Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for both pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis and a
number of studies have provided both experimental and epidemiological evidence about the …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating lung disease almost
exclusively related to tobacco smoke. COPD symptoms are typical of numerous other …

Rationale and Objectives Hyperpolarized 3 He magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
ventilation abnormalities are visible in ex-smokers without airflow limitation, but the clinical …

Despite the established role of cigarette smoking in the causation of chronic air-flow
obstruction (CAO), only a small proportion of regular cigarette smokers develop significant …