Background Parenteral opioids (intramuscular and intravenous drugs including patient‐
controlled analgesia) are used for pain relief in labour in many countries throughout the …

Background Parenteral opioids are used for pain relief in labour in many countries
throughout the world. Objectives To assess the acceptability, effectiveness and safety of …

Background Pethidine is the most widely used intra‐muscular opioid for the relief of labour
pain. However concerns have been raised about its effectiveness and the possibility of …

Parenteral opioids are commonly used for labor pain relief and have been the subject of
research for many years. The objectives of this review were to determine the safety and …

Background Labour is a normal physiological process, but is usually associated with pain
and discomfort. Numerous methods are used to relieve labour pain. These include …

Background Epidural analgesia is a central nerve block technique achieved by injection of a
local anaesthetic close to the nerves that transmit pain, and is widely used as a form of pain …

Background Many women would like to avoid pharmacological or invasive methods of pain
management in labour and this may contribute towards the popularity of complementary …

Analgesia and coping with labor pain can prevent suffering during childbirth.
Nonpharmacologic methods help women manage labor pain. Strong evidence is available …

Background Multiple analgesic strategies for pain relief during labour are available.
Recently remifentanil, a short‐acting opioid, has recently been used as an alternative …

Purpose Epidural/spinal opioids are increasingly used to relieve parturients' pain in labour.
Some studies indicate that opioids can induce side effects in neonates, such as respiratory …