Before menopause, a woman has a relatively low risk for developing cardiovascular
disease. After menopause, however, the risk increases nearly twofold and cardiovascular …

Objective Estrogens enhance ischemia tolerance (IT) in the myocardium, the mechanism of
which remains unclear. We investigated the effects of long-term estrogen deprivation on the …

The myocardium generates inflammatory mediators during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), and
these mediators contribute to cardiac functional depression and apoptosis. The great …

The purpose of this study was to test whether the susceptibility of the heart to
ischemia/reperfusion injury is modulated by the chronic estrogen status, ie, increased with …

The prognosis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is poor in elderly patients.
Aging increases the susceptibility of the heart to cell death from I/R injury and prevents the …

Under hypercontractile conditions associated with increased intracellular calcium, male
hearts show enhanced ischemia/reperfusion injury compared to female hearts. Our aim in …

Premenopausal women have less cardiovascular disease and lower cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality than men the same age. Our previous studies showed that female …

BACKGROUND: Gender differences have been noted in acute ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Estrogen and the estrogen receptors (ER) appear to play a critical role in cardiovascular …

There are conflicting data about gender differences in cardiac function after myocardial
infarction (MI), including cardiac rupture and mortality. Using a mouse model of MI, we …

The increase in cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome incidence following the
onset of menopause has highlighted the role of estrogen as a cardiometabolic protective …