IL-1β is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute
respiratory distress syndrome. We hypothesized that LPS and mechanical ventilation (MV) …

Humans encode two inflammatory caspases that detect cytoplasmic LPS, caspase‐4 and
caspase‐5. When activated, these trigger pyroptotic cell death and caspase‐1‐dependent IL …

BACKGROUND: The airway epithelium is the first line of defense against inhaled insults and
therefore must be capable of coordinating appropriate inflammatory and immune responses …

The mechanism by which bacterial pathogens activate caspase-1 via Nlrp3 remains poorly
understood. In this study, we show that the ability of Staphylococcus aureus, a leading cause …

The Nlrp3 inflammasome is critical for the activation of caspase-1 in response to danger
signals and particulate matter. However, its role in sterile inflammation remains unclear …

Although the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in host defense, its uncontrolled
activation is associated with inflammatory disorders, suggesting that regulation of the …

Caspase-11 detection of intracellular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from invasive Gram-negative
bacteria mediates noncanonical activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. While avirulent …

Highlights•Mice express several different NAIPs, each recognizing a specific bacterial
ligand.•Humans express one functional NAIP, which broadly detects multiple bacterial …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) causes severe pulmonary diseases, leading to
high morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that inflammasomes such as NLR family …

The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family, pyrin
domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is one of the most well-characterized …