The molecular repertoire for innate recognition of bacterial pathogens has expanded rapidly
in the past decade. These immunosensors include Toll-like receptors and the more recently …

The innate immune system comprises several classes of pattern‐recognition receptors,
including Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain‐like …

Recognition of bacteria by the vertebrate innate immune system relies on detection of
invariant molecules by specialized receptors. The view is emerging that activation of both …

Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of intracellular sensors that play key roles in innate
immunity and inflammation. While some NLRs, including Nod1, Nod2, NAIP and IPAF …

Host defense against microbes requires the development of an efficient immune response
aimed to eradicate the source of infection. Through the expression of a battery of germ-line …

The innate immune system is the most ancestral and ubiquitous system of defence against
microbial infection. The microbial sensing proteins involved in innate immunity recognize …

The innate immunity plays a critical role in host protection against pathogens and it relies
amongst others on pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and …

Innate immune detection of pathogens relies on specific classes of microbial sensors called
pattern-recognition molecules (PRM). In mammals, such PRM include Toll-like receptors …

The innate immune system uses different molecules that sense pathogen associated
molecular patterns. These include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-1-like receptors (RLRs) …

Nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) proteins are a family
of innate immune receptors that play a pivotal role in microbial sensing, leading to the …