This study evaluated the effect of using two different pre-heating methods on the three resin-
based composite (RBCs). Three paste viscosity bulk-fill RBCs (VisCalor Bulk [VC]; VOCO; x …

Objectives This study aimed to assess the effects of fiber incorporation on the contraction
stress (CS), time to gelation (TG), and temperature rise (TR) features of two experimental …

Objective To investigate the effect of two light-curing protocols on mechanical behavior of
three bulk-fill resin composites (BFRC) considering their optical properties. Methods One …

This study investigated the effect of food simulating liquids on visco-elastic properties of bulk-
fill restoratives using dynamic mechanical analysis. One conventional composite (Filtek …

Objective: To evaluate the effect of composite preheating and light-curing duration on
hardness and postgel shrinkage. Method and Materials: A hybrid composite (Filtek Z250, 3M …

Objective To determine the shrinkage stress kinetics at up to 12 h after light exposure and at
tooth temperature during placement of selected Bulk Fill resin-based composites (RBCs) …

Background/purpose Bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBCs) are a new class of restorative
materials, and polymerization shrinkage (PS) is concerned due to their single increment up …

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties expressed by shrinkage
stress, cuspal strain, fracture strength and failure mode in molars with large class II mesio …

Objectives To investigate the influence of pre-heating of high-viscosity bulk-fill composite
materials on their degree of conversion and shrinkage force formation. Methods Four bulk-fill …

Though unidirectional freeze casting is a facile method for the production of structurally
anisotropic biomedical scaffolds, challenges exist in optimizing the drying process that are …