Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) with brain neurodegeneration. MS patients present heterogeneous clinical …

Investigation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnostic work-up in suspected multiple
sclerosis (MS) patients has regained attention in the latest version of the diagnostic criteria …

Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) requires the exclusion of other possible diagnoses. For
this reason, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) should be routinely analysed in patients with a first …

The laboratory evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been routinely employed as a
diagnostic test in the diagnosis of neuroimmunological disorders such as multiple sclerosis …

Introduction: Intrathecal B-lymphocyte activation is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS), a
multi-factorial inflammatory-demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Such …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system,
usually occurring in young adults and leading to disability. Despite the progress in …

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a bodily fluid, which is both easily accessible and the most
proximate to the pathological alterations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, the …

The cerebrospinal fluid analysis has been employed for supporting multiple sclerosis
diagnosis and ruling out the differential diagnoses. The most classical findings reflect the …

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) intensive efforts are directed at identifying biomarkers
in bodily fluids related to underlying disease mechanisms, disease activity and progression …

Two or more oligoclonal IgG bands (OB) detected by separation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
proteins while not demonstrable in corresponding serum reflect a local B-cell response …