CpG‐rich oligonucleotides (CpG‐ODN) bind to Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) and are used as
powerful adjuvants for vaccination. Here we report that CpG‐ODN not only act as immune …

Abstract CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) act on Toll-like receptor 9
(TLR9) that is expressed on B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to stimulate the …

Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) with unmethylated CpG dinucleotides mimic the immune
stimulatory activity of bacterial DNA in vertebrates and are recognized by Toll‐like receptor 9 …

Foreign DNA has been shown to impinge on immune cell function by an as yet unidentified
mechanism. We and others have demonstrated that single‐stranded (ss) DNA containing …

Bacterial cytidine–phosphate–guanosine (CpG‐DNA) activates antigen‐presenting cells
(APC) and drives T helper 1 (Th1)‐polarized immune responses in the mouse. Claims have …

The immature plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC) is identical with the principal type I IFN‐
producing cell upon viral infection. Oligodeoxynucleotides which contain unmethylated CpG …

CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are synthetic DNA sequences containing unmethylated
cytosine-guanine motifs with potent immunomodulatory effects. Via Toll-like receptor 9 …

Bacterial DNA containing motifs of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (CpG-DNA) triggers
innate immune cells through the pattern recognition receptor Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) …

Neonatal murine responses to a panel of conventional vaccines differ qualitatively from adult
responses by a particular polarization toward a Th2 pattern and a frequent limitation of the …

Our early studies showed that spleen cells from normal mice incubated in vitro with E. coli
DNA were stimulated to secrete IL-6, IL-12, IFN-, and IgM.(Klinman et al., 1996; Krieg et al …