Inflammatory diseases and neuropathic insults trigger signaling cascades, which frequently
lead to intense and long-lasting pain syndromes in affected patients. Such pain syndromes …

Nerve injury increases the spinal cord expression and/or activity of voltage-and ligand-gated
ion channels, peptide receptors, and neuroimmune factors, which then drive dorsal horn …

Nociceptive signals originating in the periphery must be transmitted to the brain to evoke
pain. Rather than being conveyed unchanged, those signals undergo extensive processing …

The gate control theory proposed that the nociceptive sensory information transmitted to the
brain relies on an interplay between the inputs from nociceptive and non-nociceptive …

Background Deficient endogenous pain modulation and increased nociceptive excitability
are key features of central sensitization and can be assessed in humans by conditioned pain …

Background: Neuropathic pain is one of the most challenging clinical problems due to a lack
of understanding the mechanisms. Recent studies have suggested that activated microglia …

Pain research has uncovered important neuronal mechanisms that underlie clinically
relevant pain states such as inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Importantly, both the …

For the survival and well-being of the organism, the detection of tissue-damaging or
potentially tissue-damaging threats in the environment is essential. This critical function is …

Spinal dorsal horn GABAA receptors are found both postsynaptically on central neurons and
presynaptically on axons and/or terminals of primary sensory neurons, where they mediate …

A striking and debilitating property of the nervous system is that damage to this tissue can
cause chronic intractable pain, which persists long after resolution of the initial insult. This …