Increased pain Sensitivity was traditionally attributed to sensitization of primary nociceptive
afferents. The discovery that low-threshold mechanoreceptor input can be painful under …

Central sensitization represents an enhancement in the function of neurons and circuits in
nociceptive pathways caused by increases in membrane excitability and synaptic efficacy as …

Endogenous pain control is, in part, mediated by descending inhibition of spinal nociception
via spinal release of noradrenaline. Antinociception by activation of descending …

Advances in the characterization of pain signaling in recent years indicate that distinct
neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms contribute to pain arising from injury to …

Neuropathic pain (NP) is caused by lesions of the peripheral fibers and central neurons in
the somatosensory nervous system and affects 7–10% of the general population. Although …

Pain is classically viewed as being mediated solely by neurons, as are other sensory
phenomena. The discovery that spinal cord glia (microglia and astrocytes) amplify pain …

Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) are
thought to reduce pain by activating a sufficient number of large myelinated (A β) fibres …

Damage to nerves at various levels of the peripheral and central nervous systems will lead
to sensory loss, but in a significant number of patients this is accompanied by a series of …

Although pain is regarded traditionally as neuronally mediated, recent progress shows an
important role of spinal glial cells in persistent pain sensitization. Mounting evidence has …

Background It is unknown why an acute pain condition under various circumstances can
transition into a chronic pain condition. There has been a shift towards neuroinflammation …