During many acute viral and bacterial infections, IL-7 receptor α-chain (IL-7Rα) is expressed
on a subset of effector CD8 T cells that preferentially develop into long-lived memory CD8 T …

Viral infections can have one of two outcomes: control of viral replication and acute infection
or viral persistence and chronic infection. It is clear that both pathogen and host …

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important factor involved in T-cell dysfunction during persistent
viral infection. Although several factors can negatively regulate T-cell activity, targeting of the …

The mammalian immune system is intricately regulated, allowing for potent pathogen‐
specific immunity to be rapidly activated in response to infection with a broad and diverse …

Murine γ δ T cells participate in innate immune response against infection of the intracellular
bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. In the present report, we analyzed the mechanism of the …

The differentiation of naive CD4 T cells into specific effector subsets is controlled in large
part by the milieu of cytokines present during their initial encounter with Ag. Cytokines that …

Macrophage effector functions are essential for clearing mycobacterial infections. Interleukin
10 (IL-10) negatively regulates macrophages and could be a factor inhibiting effective …

Abstract Background Interleukin-7 (IL-7) acts primarily on T cells to promote their
differentiation, survival, and homeostasis. Under disease conditions, IL-7 mediates …

IL-7 is essential for the survival of naive and memory T cells, and IL-7 receptor α-chain (IL-
7Rα) expression is dynamically regulated in activated CD8 T cells during acute viral and …

The CD8+ memory T cell population is heterogeneous, and it is unclear which subset (s)
optimally mediate the central goal of the immune system—protection against infection. Here …