Multiple sclerosis (MS) is primarily an autoimmune disorder of unknown origin. This review
focuses iron overload and oxidative stress as surrounding cause that leads to …

Objectives: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been suggested to be a
possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). If the presumed mechanism of venous stasis …

Aim. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is a vascular phenomenon
recently described in multiple sclerosis (MS) that is characterized by stenoses affecting the …

Iron stores in the white and deep grey matter in course of multiple sclerosis (MS) have never
been explained and could be related to abnormalities in venous drainage, but this possibility …

AIM: In this paper, we seek to determine whether the iron deposition as seen by
susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in the basal ganglia and thalamus of patients with …

Purpose To investigate the differences in the extracranial venous system in patients with
multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy control (HC) subjects by using magnetic resonance (MR) …

Background Recent studies using colour-coded Doppler sonography showed that chronic
impaired venous drainage from the central nervous system is almost exclusively found in …

Objective An impaired cerebrospinal venous drainage, defined as chronic cerebrospinal
venous insufficiency (CCSVI), has been recently hypothesized to be the possible cause of …

Background The potential pathogenesis between the presence and severity of chronic
cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and its relation to clinical and imaging outcomes …

Aim. Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is associated with multiple
sclerosis (MS). CCSVI is detected by transcranial and extracranial color-Doppler …