Many effective drugs for metastatic and/or advanced-stage cancers have been developed
over the past decade, although the evolution of resistance remains the major barrier to …

Despite continuous deployment of new treatment strategies and agents over many decades,
most disseminated cancers remain fatal. Cancer cells, through their access to the vast …

The dynamic cancer ecosystem, with its rich temporal and spatial diversity in environmental
conditions and heritable cell phenotypes, is remarkably robust to therapeutic perturbations …

Acquired drug resistance is a major limitation for the successful treatment of cancer.
Resistance can emerge due to a variety of reasons including host environmental factors as …

All malignant cancers, whether inherited or sporadic, are fundamentally governed by
Darwinian dynamics. The process of carcinogenesis requires genetic instability and highly …

Disseminated cancer remains a largely fatal disease. While systemic therapy can have
some initial success, it is rarely durable. Typically, populations of cancer cells resistant to …

Carcinogenesis is an evolutionary process that establishes the 'hallmarks of cancer'by
natural selection of cell clones that have acquired advantageous heritable characteristics …

As well as undergoing genetic evolution, cancer cells can alter their epigenetic state to
adapt and resist treatment. This non-genetic evolution is emerging as a major component of …

The development of drug resistance, the prime cause of failure in cancer therapy, is
commonly explained by the selection of resistant mutant cancer cells. However, dynamic …

Despite the great progress in our understanding of the molecular basis of human cancer, the
heterogeneity of individual tumors and the evolutionary pressures imposed by therapy have …