The evolution and maintenance of consistent individual differences, so called animal
personalities, have attracted much research interest over the past decades. Variation along …

In the past decade, several conceptual papers have linked variation in animal personality to
variation in cognition, and recent years have seen a flood of empirical studies testing this …

Cognitive processes are important to animals because they not only influence how animals
acquire, store and recall information, but also may underpin behaviours such as deciding …

In animals, individual differences in learning ability are common and are in part explained by
genetic differences, developmental conditions and by general experience. Yet, not all …

Patterns of individual differences in cognition have been studied empirically and
systematically in the last decade, but causes and consequences of this variation are still …

Animals constantly need to cope with changes in their environment. Coping with changes in
cues that are associated with the location and abundance of food is essential for being able …

Consistent individual differences in behaviour of animals, that is, personalities, are both
widespread and widely studied, but very few studies also include cognitive traits in this …

Cognition is fundamental to animals' lives and an important source of phenotypic variation.
Nevertheless, research on individual variation in animal cognition is still limited. Further …

Highlights•Problem solving and social learning are stable traits in guinea pigs.•Associative
learning is not consistent across contexts.•Problem solving and social learning form a …

Understanding how animal personality (consistent between‐individual behavioural
differences) arises has become a central topic in behavioural sciences. This endeavour is …