BACKGROUND: Biological sex differences play a vital role in cardiovascular diseases,
including atherosclerosis. The endothelium is a critical contributor to cardiovascular …

Although it is well-known that sex and age are important factors regulating endothelial cell
(EC) function, the impact of sex and age on the gene expression of ECs has not been …

Human endothelial cells are routinely utilized in cardiovascular research to provide a
translational foundation for understanding how the vascular endothelium functions in vivo …

Sex differences in endothelial cell (EC) biology may reflect intrinsic differences driven by
chromosomes or sex steroid exposure and gender differences accumulated over life. We …

Key points Endothelial dysfunction is an early hallmark of multiple disease states that also
display sex differences with respect to age of onset, frequency and severity. Results of in …

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory vascular disease and the predominant cause of
heart attack and ischemic stroke. Despite the well-known sexual dimorphism in the …

Endothelial cells are important constituents of blood vessels and play a critical role in
vascular homeostasis. They do not only control the exchanges between the blood and the …

Objective Significant sex differences exist in cardiovascular diseases. Although an impact of
gonadal hormones is presumed, it is largely unknown whether sexually dimorphic gene …

Endothelial cells (EC) are key players in vascular function, homeostasis and inflammation.
EC show substantial heterogeneity due to inter-individual variability (eg sex-differences) and …

Introduction Women are at elevated risk for certain cardiovascular diseases, including
pulmonary arterial hypertension, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular complications of …