Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial dysfunction is an initial step
toward atherosclerosis development. Mitochondria damage correlates with ox-LDL-induced …

Mitochondria are one of the enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and could
also be a major target for ROS-mediated damage. We hypothesized that ROS may induce …

Mitochondria are perhaps the most sophisticated and dynamic responsive sensing systems
in eukaryotic cells. The role of mitochondria goes beyond their capacity to create molecular …

Mitochondrial biogenesis is involved in the control of cell metabolism, signal transduction,
and regulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Despite the …

Mitochondria are key regulators of cell fate through controlling ATP generation and
releasing pro-apoptotic factors. Cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the coronary …

Endothelial cells have emerged as key players in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19
inflammatory pathologies. Dysfunctional endothelial cells can promote chronic inflammation …

Macrophages are crucial in the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
(ASCVD). In the atherosclerotic lesions, macrophages play a central role in maintaining …

Background—Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are implicated in
the development and further progression of heart failure, which might be, at least in part …

Superoxide (O2·−) production by the NADPH oxidases is implicated in the pathogenesis of
many cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. We have previously shown that …

Mitochondria play a central role in multiple cellular functions, including energy production,
calcium homeostasis, and cell death. Currently, growing evidence indicates the vital roles of …