Cytotoxicity and consequent cell death pathways are a critical component of the immune
response to infection, disease or injury. While numerous examples of inflammation causing …

The microglia, once thought only to be supporting cells of the central nervous system (CNS),
are now recognized to play essential roles in many pathologies. Many studies within the last …

Neuropathic pain refers to a variety of chronic pain conditions with differing underlying
pathophysiologic mechanisms and origins. Recent studies indicate a communication …

Neuropathic pain originates from a damage or disease affecting the somatosensory system.
Its treatment is unsatisfactory as it appears refractory to most analgesics. Animal models of …

Neuropathic pain represents a major problem in clinical medicine because it causes
debilitating suffering and is largely resistant to currently available analgesics. A …

In contrast to physiological pain, pathological pain is not dependent on the presence of
tissue‐damaging stimuli. One type of pathological pain—neuropathic pain—is often a …

Pain can be induced by tissue injuries, diseases and infections. The interactions between
the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and immune system are primary actions in pain …

Glia have emerged as key contributors to pathological and chronic pain mechanisms. On
activation, both astrocytes and microglia respond to and release a number of signalling …

Interactions between central glial cells and neurons in the pain circuitry are critical
contributors to the pathogenesis of chronic pain. In the central nervous system (CNS), two …

Background Acute pain is a warning mechanism that exists to prevent tissue damage,
however pain can outlast its protective purpose and persist beyond injury, becoming …