The polyamines (PAs) spermidine, spermine, putrescine and cadaverine are an essential
class of metabolites found throughout all kingdoms of life. In this comprehensive review, we …

Polyamines (PAs) are essential organic polycations for cell viability along the whole
phylogenetic scale. In mammals, they are involved in the most important physiological …

The polyamines, spermidine and spermine, were first discovered in 1678 by Antonie van
Leeuwenhoek. In the early part of the 20th century their structure was determined (Figure 1) …

Polyamines are essential for the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells and are
intimately involved in biological mechanisms such as DNA replication, RNA transcription …

Polyamines are aliphatic cations with multiple functions and are essential for life. Cellular
polyamine levels are regulated by multiple pathways such as synthesis from amino acid …

Polycationic polyamines are present in nearly all living organisms and are essential for
mammalian cell growth and survival, and for development. These positively charged …

Polyamines are ubiquitous small basic molecules that play multiple essential roles in
mammalian physiology. Their cellular content is highly regulated and there is convincing …

Polyamines are small organic cations that are essential for normal cell growth and
development in eukaryotes. Under normal physiological conditions, intracellular polyamine …

Polyamines are polycations that interact with negatively charged molecules such as DNA,
RNA and proteins. They play multiple roles in cell growth, survival and proliferation …

Polyamines are ubiquitous positively charged amines found in all organisms. These
molecules play a crucial role in many biological functions including cell growth, gene …