The tongue plays a critical role in bolus propulsion through the oral cavity and pharynx. This
manuscript reviews the types of lingual impairment and overall oropharyngeal swallowing …

Age-associated changes in tongue muscle structure and strength may contribute to
dysphagia in elderly people. Tongue exercise is a current treatment option. We …

Purpose Producing tongue pressure (TP) by pushing the tongue against the palate consists
of lifting the tongue muscles and elevating the floor of the mouth via suprahyoid muscle …

Background Although various training methods have been reported for improving oral
function such as occlusal force, there are few reports that show the training effect of eating …

The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability of tongue and handgrip strength
and endurance measurements in healthy adults using the Iowa Oral Performance …

Assessment of tongue strength and endurance is common in research and clinical contexts.
It is unclear whether the results reveal discrete function by the tongue or combined abilities …

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, often occurs secondary to conditions such as stroke,
head injury or progressive disease, many of which increase in frequency with advancing …

The activities of the suprahyoid muscles have been reported to be induced by tongue
muscle contraction. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether tongue …

Background As general and oral health are closely interrelated, promoting oral health may
extend a healthy life expectancy. Aims To evaluate the long-term effects of simple oral …

[Purpose] Measurement of the diadochokinetic rate can provide useful information on
swallowing rehabilitation in the oral phase by elucidating the speed and regularity of …