Meltwater beneath the large ice sheets can influence ice flow by lubrication at the base or by
softening when meltwater refreezes to form relatively warm ice,,. Refreezing has produced …

The instability and accelerated melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet are among the foremost
elements of contemporary global climate change,. The increased freshwater output from …

Surface melting on Amery Ice Shelf (AIS), East Antarctica, produces an extensive
supraglacial drainage system consisting of hundreds of lakes connected by surface …

Strong heat loss and brine release during sea ice formation in coastal polynyas act to cool
and salinify waters on the Antarctic continental shelf. Polynya activity thus both limits the …

The observed acceleration of ice shelf basal melt rates throughout West Antarctica could
destabilize continental ice sheets and markedly increase global sea level. Explanations for …

Government policies currently commit us to surface warming of three to four degrees Celsius
above pre-industrial levels by 2100, which will lead to enhanced ice-sheet melt. Ice-sheet …

Abstract Changes in ice discharge from Antarctica constitute the largest uncertainty in future
sea-level projections, mainly because of the unknown response of its marine basins. Most of …

Abstract Antarctica's Getz Ice Shelf has been rapidly thinning in recent years, producing
more meltwater than any other ice shelf in the world. The influx of fresh water is known to …

Anthropogenic climate change is likely to cause continuing global sea level rise, but some
processes within the Earth system may mitigate the magnitude of the projected effect …

In 1994, ocean measurements near Antarctica's Pine Island Glacier showed that the ice
shelf buttressing the glacier was melting rapidly. This melting was attributed to the presence …