Cohen's kappa and intraclass kappa are widely used for assessing the degree of agreement
between two raters with binary outcomes. However, many authors have pointed out its …

Scott's pi and Cohen's kappa are widely used for assessing the degree of agreement
between two raters with binary outcomes. However, many authors have pointed out its …

Gwet's AC1 has been proposed as an alternative to Cohen's kappa in evaluating the
agreement between two binary ratings. This approach is becoming increasingly popular …

Abstract In a $2\times2 $ table showing binary agreement between two raters, it is known
that Cohen's $\kappa $, a chance-corrected measure of agreement, has two paradoxes …

Agreement between raters on a categorical scale is not only a subject of scientific research
but also a problem frequently encountered in practice. Whenever a new scale is developed …

Most measures of agreement are chance-corrected. They differ in three dimensions: their
definition of chance agreement, their choice of disagreement function, and how they handle …

Background Cohen's κ coefficient is often used as an index to measure the agreement of
inter-rater determinations. However, κ varies greatly depending on the marginal distribution …

Agreement between a pair of raters for binary outcome data is typically assessed by using
the κ-coefficient. When the total sample size is small to moderate, and the proportion of …

To measure the degree of agreement between R observers who independently classify n
subjects within K categories, various kappa-type coefficients are often used. When R= 2, it is …

Agreement studies often involve more than two raters or repeated measurements. In the
presence of two raters, the proportion of agreement and of positive agreement are simple …