Neuropathic pains arising from peripheral nerve injury can result in increased sensitivity to
both noxious and non-noxious stimuli and are accompanied by a number of neuroplastic …

Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in many neurological and
inflammatory responses. Peripheral inflammatory responses can induce central sensitization …

The formalin test was originally developed by Dubuisson and Dennis (1977), and has since
been extensively used to assess pain-related responses. Rats and mice are the most …

The effect of intrathecal (it) α 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, on the spinal nociceptive
flexor reflex was studied in decerebrate, spinalized, unanesthetized rats with intact sciatic …

Subcutaneous injection of formalin produces a biphasic pain response: a transient early
phase followed by a tonic late phase. It has recently been suggested that development of the …

Transcription factors are proteins that modulate the transcriptional rate of target genes in the
nucleus in response to extracellular or cytoplasmic signals. Activating transcription factors 2 …

The formalin test is a well‐established model for assessing nociceptive processes and
analgesic drug effects. Previous studies have provided statistical validation of optimal …

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the role of spinal 5-HT 2A, 5-HT 2B
and 5-HT 2C receptors in the development and maintenance of formalin-induced long …

Chronic pain may be accompanied by hyperalgesia and allodynia, and analgesic
interventions may reduce these hypersensitivity phenomena. Preclinical data suggest that …

Subcutaneous injection of formalin produces a biphasic profile of pain response: a transient
early phase followed by a tonic late phase. A number of studies have indicated that the …