Organotin (OT) compounds have been used as biocide agents in antifouling paints since the
mid 1960s and are now ubiquitous in the marine environment. Due to their high toxicity to …

This overview attempts to bring together a widely scattered and disparate literature on
marine natural product antifoulants. In particular, studies that have focused on the screening …

Organotin contamination in marine environment has been a public concern for many years
due to its adverse impacts on biota and human health. This study investigated levels …

Marine organisms have usually been viewed as sources of compounds with interesting and
useful biological activities, in particular with the ability to inhibit attachment, settlement, or …

The accumulation and depuration of bis (tributyltin) oxide (TBTO), a widely used active
ingredient in antifouling paints, and its acute and chronic toxicity to sheepshead minnows …

Toxic antifouling agents such as tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) have been released
in aquatic ecosystems through the use of antifouling paint applied to ship hulls, pleasure …

The use of antifouling paints containing tributyltin as a biocide is now limited to vessels
greater than 25 m in length. Consequently, manufacturers have introduced additional …

Biofouling increases drag on marine vessels resulting in higher fuel consumption and can
also facilitate the transport of harmful non-indigenous species (NIS). Antifouling …

Antifouling paint particles (APPs) are a type of paint particle loaded with toxic biocidal
compounds. The present review focused on the current knowledge in respect of the …

Currently, research agenda in marine ecotoxicology is facing new challenges with the
emergence of newly and complex synthetized chemicals. The study of the fate and adverse …