WHEN hyperacute rejection is prevented, a xenograft becomes subject to acute vascular
rejection, 1 sometimes called “delayed xenograft rejection.” Acute vascular rejection may …

The triumph of genetic engineering in overcoming hyperacute rejection (HAR) of a
discordant organ xenograft is clear, but the promise of clinical application of …

Vascularized organs transplanted between phylogenetically distant species are subject to
hyperacute rejection. The pathologic features of hyperacute rejection appear to be caused …

Dorling A. Are anti‐endothelial cell antibodies a pre‐requisite for the acute vascular
rejection of xenografts? Xenotransplantation 2003; 10: 16–23.© Blackwell Munkgaard, 2003 …

Liver allografts are resistant to hyperacute or antibody mediated rejection from preformed
antibodies. No consistent syndrome develops following transplantation when a recipient …

▪ Abstract This review summarizes the clinical history and rationale for xenotransplantation;
recent progress in understanding the physiologic, immunologic, and infectious obstacles to …

Acute humoral rejection, also known as acute vascular rejection, is a devastating condition
of organ transplants and a major barrier to clinical application of organ xenotransplantation …

Human vascularized allografts are perfused through blood vessels composed of cells
(endothelium, pericytes, and smooth muscle cells) that remain largely of graft origin and are …

Endothelial cell activation with accompanying vascular inflammatory changes is considered
central to the experimental manifestations of both hyperacute and delayed xenograft …

Background. The most difficult barrier to organ transplantation is humoral rejection, a
condition initiated by binding of antibodies to blood vessels in the graft. Fortunately, humoral …