In the last decade, the field of purinergic pharmacology has continued to grow as the
complexity of the receptor families and the various enzymes involved in purine metabolism …

Physiological evidence supporting the role of the adenine nucleotide, ATP 1 (Figure 1), as a
neurotransmitter was first summarized in detail in 1972, 1 representing the basis of …

In addition to its key role in cellular metabolism where it acts as a ubiquitous enzyme
cofactor and as the key source of the cellular energy unique to phosphate bond formation …

Extracellular purines (adenosine, ADP, and ATP) and pyrimidines (UDP and UTP) are
important signaling molecules that mediate diverse biological effects via cellsurface …

Membrane receptors that are activated by the purine nucleoside adenosine (adenosine
receptors) or by purine or pyrimidine nucleotides (P2Y and P2X receptors) transduce …

Research focused on P1 and P2 purinergic receptor function is currently at a critical stage
where considerable efforts in the disciplines of medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, and …

A brief account of the early history of extracellular signalling by ATP will be followed by a
summary of the current subclassification of receptors for purines and pyrimidines. On the …

Purinergic signaling is involved in the proper functioning of virtually all organs of the body.
Although in some cases purines have a major influence on physiological functions (eg …

While there were early papers about the extracellular actions of purines, the role of ATP as a
purinergic neurotransmitter in nonadrenergic, noncholinergic nerves in the gut and bladder …

Pharmacological tool compounds are now available to define action at the adenosine (ARs),
P2Y and P2X receptors. We present a selection of the most commonly used agents to study …