Aims: To determine the involvement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) signaling in the
trigeminal ganglion (TG) in the mechanical hypersensitivity of the masseter muscle during …

Background Inflammation is an essential component of arthritis pain. Nerve growth factor
(NGF) plays a key role in acute and chronic pain states especially those associated with …

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is prevalent in dental clinics and can involve problems
with the masticatory muscles or the temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The pain of TMD is …

Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels are one of the important physiological regulators of the
membrane potentials in excitable cells, including sensory ganglion neurons. The aim of the …

Objective Substance P, encoded by the Tac1 gene, is involved in neurogenic inflammation
and hyperalgesia via neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor activation. Its non-neuronal counterpart …

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in
temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovial fluid and blood on the treatment effect on TMJ pain …

Antinociceptive effect of a tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist ezlopitant [(2S, 3S-cis)-2-
(diphenylmethyl)-N-{(2-methoxy, 5-isopropylphenyl) methyl}-1-azabicyclo [2.2. 2] octan-3 …

We investigated effects of topical application of ketanserin, a 5-HT 2A receptor antagonist,
on hyperalgesia and edema in the arthritic rat, a chronic pain model with inflammation …

Abstract Background Toll-like receptors (TLRs) including TLR4 and their signal pathways
contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Herein, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying …

Many pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the process of inflammatory pain. Bi
directional axonal transport of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) occurs in case of …