Microbiological research has made important discoveries about how life responds to non-
terrestrial environments, such as those found aboard the International Space Station. As …

With the construction of the International Space Station, humans have been continuously
living and working in space for 22 years. Microbial studies in space and other extreme …

During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to
spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a …

The ubiquitous nature of microbiology is reflected in the diversity of microbiological research
and operational efforts at NASA. For example, the impact of microorganisms on other …

Extension of human habitation into space requires that humans carry with them many of the
microorganisms with which they coexist on Earth. The ubiquity of microorganisms in close …

A driving force behind space exploration is the search for extraterrestrial life and/or
environmental conditions that may give rise to or support it. To prevent forward …

One of the biggest challenges of science is the determination of whether extraterrestrial life
exists. Although potential habitable areas might be available for complex life, it is more likely …

Pseudomonas is an opportunistic pathogen that has difficulty infecting healthy people.
However, astronaut bodies are under a lot of stress. For example, microgravity changes the …

Background Crewed National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) missions to
other solar system bodies are currently being planned. One high-profile scientific focus …

Microorganisms play an important role in life and can adapt to and survive in harsh and
changing environments. Their ability to thrive in hostile conditions is reflected not only by …