Molecular methods have been highly informative for inferring evolutionary relationships,
implementing diversification and biogeographic range evolution analyses, and inferring the …

Few insects can match the ecological flexibility of aphids with their range of environmentally
and genetically determined phenotypes (Williams and Dixon, Chapter 3 this volume). They …

Highlights•Social insects exhibit diverse behavioural and developmental phenotypes.•The
epigenome can control expression of multiple phenotypes from a singular genome.•Here we …

Many species of insects exhibit wing dimorphism, one morph having fully developed wings
and the other morph having reduced wings and being incapable of flight. These wing …

Since the late 1970s, allozymes, microsatellites, and DNA sequence variation have been
widely used to study the taxonomy, ecology, and evolution of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) …

The concept that complex ancestral traits can never be recovered after their loss is still
widely accepted, despite phylogenetic and molecular approaches suggest instances where …

Phylogenetics is the science of reconstructing the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
Traditionally, phylogenies were constructed using morphological data only, but the …

The phylogeny of insects has been both extensively studied and vigorously debated for over
a century. A relatively accurate deep phylogeny had been produced by 1904. It was not …

Background Studies have shown that taxonomically restricted genes are significant in
number and important for the evolution of lineage specific traits. Social insects have gained …

Reproductive interference due to interspecific hybridization can lead to character
displacement among related species with overlapping ranges. However, no studies have …