A new release of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Earth System Model version 1.2
(MPI‐ESM1. 2) is presented. The development focused on correcting errors in and …

ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is
described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of …

The new Max‐Planck‐Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM) is used in the Coupled
Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) in a series of climate change experiments …

MPI‐ESM is a new version of the global Earth system model developed at the Max Planck
Institute for Meteorology. This paper describes the ocean state and circulation as well as …

A climate model's ability to reproduce observed historical warming is sometimes viewed as a
measure of quality. Yet, for practical reasons it cannot be considered a purely empirical …

Radiative feedback mechanisms associated with temperature, water vapor, cloud, and
surface albedo change determine climate sensitivity to radiative forcing. Here we use the …

JSBACH is the land component of the atmospheric component ECHAM [55], and thereby
part of the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM)[89]. Historically, JSBACH …

The new MPI Earth System Model (MPIESM) consists of the atmospheric general circulation
model (GCM) ECHAM6, the land vegetation model JSBACH, the ocean GCM MPIOM and …

The enhanced warming trend and precipitation decline in the Mediterranean region make it
a climate change hotspot. We compare projections of multiple Coupled Model …

Estimates of impacts from anthropogenic climate change rely on projections from climate
models. Uncertainties in those have often been a limiting factor, in particular on local scales …