The issue of whether to separate English language development (ELD) into a separate
instructional block or whether to integrate it with reading/language arts instruction is an …

While the design of programs for ELLs varies in terms of the use of L1, many programs (that
is, ESL pull-out, English immersion, transitional bilingual, developmental bilingual, and two …

The purpose of this chapter is to synthesize existing research that provides direction for
English language development (ELD) instruction. Many sources and resources might guide …

BACKGROUND I'rogram Types ln this section, we define the types of programs reviewed in
the chapter and summarize findings from prior syntheses on this topic. When a child enters …

This longitudinal study examined the effects of a paired bilingual program and an English-
only reading program on English reading outcomes for Spanish-speaking English learners …

Defining criteria of the type (s) of program (s) that is/are implemented in the district/school,
such as:• sheltered content-area instruction (SI)• specially designed academic• instruction in …

This publication seeks to offer educators and policy-makers guidance on strategies that
have been effective in instructing English language learners (ELLs). The authors begin by …

Using a low-inference observational instrument, the authors empirically described and
compared pedagogical behaviors in bilingual and structured English-immersion programs …

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The US Department of Education commissioned a study to determine the relative
effectiveness of programs for limited English proficient students wherein English is the only …