Forensic toxicology plays a pivotal role in elucidating the presence of drugs of abuse in both
biological and solid samples, thereby aiding criminal investigations and public health …

The abuse of methamphetamine (MA) is to date detected and subsequently verified through
the monitoring of MA and its metabolites within biological specimens. Current approaches …

Oxycodone is an opioid medicine that is widely prescribed for the treatment of the diseases
that are accompanied with sever and chronic pains. In the recent decade, residual …

In recent years, nanomaterials have become a rapidly developing material technology due
to their numerous advantages (eg, high surface area, tunable surface structures, and …

Illicit drugs represent the most criminal cases that are examined by the forensic laboratories.
They are of wide variety and they range from synthetic to naturally occurring and can have …

Heroin, marijuana and cocaine are widely abused drugs. Their use can be readily detected
by analyzing urine for the metabolites morphine (MOR), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or …

Over the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the development of biosensors
to enhance testing for safety and security and a growing market potential has been …

Neurotransmitters are important chemical messengers in the nervous system that play a
crucial role in physiological and physical health. Abnormal levels of neurotransmitters have …

Affordable, accessible biosensors for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of chronic
diseases are critical to reducing healthcare costs. Among all electronic instruments or …

Sensors are devices that detect a physical, chemical, or biological stimulus and give a
response in the form of a measurable signal. The increasing number of applications for …