The assessment of prognostic markers is key to the improvement of therapeutic strategies for
cancer patients. Some promising markers may fail to be applied in clinical practice, or some …

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death in dogs. The availability of multiple
treatment modalities and novel therapeutic targets make the correct diagnosis, prognostic …

The statistical analysis of animal bioassays fore carcinogenicity often involves utilizing the
cause of death of each animal. There is considerable disagreement among veterinary …

Companion animals are exposed to similar environmental conditions and carcinogens as
humans. In some animal cancers, there also appears to be the same genetic changes …

There is an increasing need for more accurate prognostic and predictive markers in
veterinary oncology because of an increasing number of treatment options, the increased …

The diagnosis, staging, and treatment of tumors in veterinary as well as human oncology
have traditionally incorporated elements of anatomic extent of neoplasia through various …

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease: tumors are highly variable in their growth rates,
patterns of metastases and other biological characteristics. The benefit derived from any …

If crude experimental proportions of animals with tumor from chronic bioassays for
carcinogenicity are used for low-dose extrapolation in a risk analysis, different dose-specific …

Histological grading is a good parameter to stratify tumors according to their biological
aggressiveness. The Elston and Ellis grading method in humans, invasive ductal breast …

The development of staging procedures for breast cancer aimed at the identification of
distinct, homogeneous patient categories with different chances of benefiting from treatment …