Failure of neural tube closure leads to neural tube defects (NTDs), common congenital
abnormalities in humans. Among the genes whose loss of function causes NTDs in mice …

Abstract Background The transcription factor Grainyhead‐like 3 (GRHL3) has multiple roles
in a variety of tissues during development including epithelial patterning and actin …

BACKGROUND: Grainyhead genes encode a family of transcription factors that are well
conserved from fly to human. The three mammalian homologues, Grainyhead‐like‐1,‐2, and …

Primary neurulation in mammals has been defined by distinct anatomical closure sites, at
the hindbrain/cervical spine (closure 1), forebrain/midbrain boundary (closure 2), and rostral …

Neural tube defects (NTDs), such as spina bifida, are common and severe birth defects in
humans but the underlying causes are poorly understood. The pathogenesis and etiology of …

The transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is expressed in non-neural ectoderm
(NNE) and Grhl2 loss results in fully penetrant cranial neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice …

The genetic basis of human neural tube defects (NTDs), such as anencephaly and spina
bifida (SB), is complex and heterogeneous. Grainyhead-like genes represent candidates for …

Cranial neural tube defects (NTDs) occur in mice carrying mutant alleles of many different
genes, whereas isolated spinal NTDs (spina bifida) occur in fewer models, despite being …

Lack or excess expression of the surface ectoderm-expressed transcription factor
Grainyhead-like2 (Grhl2), each prevent spinal neural tube closure. Here we investigate the …

The mechanisms underlying mammalian neural tube closure remain poorly understood. We
report a unique cellular process involving multicellular rosette formation, convergent cellular …