Liver cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers, and the third most common cause of
cancer-related mortality worldwide. The therapeutic options for the main types of primary …

Immune checkpoints include stimulatory and inhibitory checkpoint molecules. In recent
years, inhibitory checkpoints, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA …

Immune checkpoint blockade has recently emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for
various malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preclinical and clinical …

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality globally, and its
incidence is increasing. Immune checkpoint therapy has revolutionized the treatment of …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths in the
world, and for patients with advanced disease there are few therapeutic options available …

The liver maintains a balance between immune tolerance and activation in its role as a
filtration system. Chronic inflammation disrupts this immune microenvironment, thereby …

The global prevalence of liver cancer is rapidly rising, mostly as a result of the amplified
incidence rates of viral hepatitis, alcohol abuse and obesity in recent decades. Treatment …

Despite advances in cancer treatment, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common
form of liver cancer, remains a major public health problem worldwide. The immune …

Unprecedented advances have been achieved in hepatobiliary cancer treatment with
immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, the efficacy of ICB in patients with …

Drug development in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been characterised by many
failures in the past. Despite good rationales and promising phase II data, many phase III …