The facilitative effect of retrieval practice, or testing, on the probability of later retrieval has
been the focus of much recent empirical research. A lesser known benefit of retrieval …

Tests, as learning events, can enhance subsequent recall more than do additional study
opportunities, even without feedback. Such advantages of testing tend to appear, however …

The present research investigated whether test-enhanced learning can be used to promote
transfer. More specifically, 4 experiments examined how repeated testing and repeated …

A new theoretical framework for the testing effect—the finding that retrieval practice is
usually more effective for learning than are other strategies—is proposed, the empirically …

Engaging in a test over previously studied information can serve as a potent learning event,
a phenomenon referred to as the testing effect. Despite a surge of research in the past …

Testing, or retrieval practice, has become a central topic in memory research. One
potentially important effect of retrieval practice has received little attention, however: It may …

Testing previously studied information enhances long-term memory, particularly when the
information is successfully retrieved from memory. The authors examined the effect of …

Classroom exams can assess students' knowledge of only a subset of the material taught in
a course. What are the implications of this approach for long-term retention? Three …

Taking tests enhances learning. But what happens when one cannot answer a test question—
does an unsuccessful retrieval attempt impede future learning or enhance it? The authors …

An emerging body of studies demonstrates that practicing retrieval of studied information, by
comparison with restudying or no treatment, can facilitate subsequent learning and retrieval …